EBR II-Class Notes: Vocabulary and Jargon
Session #1
epistemology: our way of knowing what we know
phenomenology: sensitivism
inductive: forefathers; data to theory
reductive: start with theory; theory to data
causal: a causes b
correlational: predictive
objective:
subjective:
ethnographic: applied
participatory: action
Session #2
axiom: principlespace: physical boundaries
place: connection we make to space
users
non-users
Session #3-Shawn O'Roarke "Parklets"
"complete streets": safely convey all modes of transportation so all user groups can be accounted for; can extend to economics!
PlaNYC 2030: new standard; every NYer would be able to be within 10 minute walk of a park; Mayor Bloomburg; New Public Realm
The Transect: developed by Duany, Plater, Zyberk and Co.
Interior to Edge Ratio
Urban Eco-Tones: overlap of transition zones between 2 communities
Stakeholders
Exent: includes buffer; variable surface that is diff from street surface.
Session #4
Noun: Who the users are?
Verb: What are they doing?
Motive: Why are they doing it?
Context: Where are they doing it?
***for thesis, we must define our CONTEXT!**
validity: does it measure what it claims to measure?
-internal-does it manure it within the
study you are doing?
-external-can you extrapolate it into
other studies and groups and it still
remains true?
reliability: does it measure it consistently?
"Spaces are the envelope, places are the meaning!"
--Nora Rubinstein
Third Places: places that are not home/work; can be crucial to one's quality of life
Session #5
Assumption: Here is what I think...
Description: Here is what I am seeing...
Explanation: Here is why...
Prediction: Therefore, if it is done in
another place...
Action: How do I make more?...
Probability Samples:
Non-Probability Samples:
Random Samples:
Stratified Samples:
Convenience Samples:
Quota:
Purposive:
Snowball:
Sampling Error: chance variations among samples selected from a single population so that one segment of the sample over- or under-represents its presence in the population.
Sample Bias: occurs when the sample fails o represent the population b/c of some factor in addition to chance.
EBR I: Class Notes-Vocabulary and Jargon
Transactional Relationship: ever-changing relationship between each; changes every second
Determinism: Environment has total control over Humans or vice-versa
Archetypes: Timeless pshychological nodes of energy of the collective unconscious.
(Clare Cooper)
Place Identity: We identify with the physical environment
"Shadow Citizens": people who walk around w/I-Pods...unengaged with the environment
"Psychic Homeland": where you think you belong regardless of whether you have been there or not.
panopticon: one person has eye on all.
density: objective measure of the amount of people in a given space.
crowding: subject of measure.
"Self": differentiate humans from other living creatures (Cooper)
Deconstruction: analyze character of the authorial voice; a post-modernist idea
Phenomenology: the study of experience; looks at your experience of place-space-sustainability; an epistemology school
commodified: when something is turned into a commodity; i.e...Disney popcorn
SNOWBALL SAMPLING: ask if "do you know anyone with x-y-z characteristics; gives you people that can answer questions; convenience sample
RANDOM SAMPLING: get a random # table (say 7) and you ask every seventh person; everyone has equal possibility of being chosen therefore this sample is not geared toward anyone in particular
STRATIFIED SAMPLING: look for specifics
PILOT STUDY: test out assumptions
"Steady State": not aware of temperature at all, therefore we are not aware of global warming, perhaps?!
CONTROL!!! Meso-comfort zone (Heshong)
Usufruct: the right to use a place that is not yours for your pleasure, as long as you do not destroy it
Territoriality: is stand-still
Personal Space: is mobile (you CAN take it with you!)
Personalization: making a place your own with the things that are linked to your identity
Privacy: solitude, intimacy, social, anonymity, reserve..
BOOLEAN OPERATORS: "and"..."or"..."not"
Prescriptive Design: You shall do this!
Proscriptive: You shall not!
TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH: Fix what is broken
TRANSACTIONAL APPROACH TO SUSTAINABILITY:
i.e...clients are not bad b/c they have a light on...WHY DO THEY HAVE THE LIGHT ON!?!?
EDUCATIONAL APPROACH: What is the criteria for our knowledge, our choices?
THIS NEXT PORTION OF THE PERSONAL GLOSSARY IS ORGANIZED BY AUTHOR OF REFERENCE SOURCE
ACIMAN
BULL & BACK
Deep Listening...involves practices of dialogue and procedures for investigation, transposition, and interpretation. We are made to re-think social experience, our relationship to community, our relationship to our power, and how we relate to others and our inhabitable spaces
Sonic Bridge...the way in which music links he insides and outsides of social experience into a seamless web.
CARPMAN & GRANT
Wayfinding...how living organisms make their way from an origin to a destination and back.
Disorientation...opposite of wayfinding; the result of inefficient,
insufficient, or non-existent wayfinding systems
CHABON
Topography...
"Wilderness of Childhood"...
COOPER
"House as a Symbol of Self"...
Jung, Carl...Swiss Psychiatrist
Concepts of "the
archetype, the collective unconscious, and the symbol"
Jungian Concepts...
Archetype...
Collective Unconscious...
Symbol...
EPP
HUD...Housing and Urban Development
GERTNER
Anthropogenic...caused by human behavior
CRED...Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters
Framing...providing a more "sophisticated nudge" whereby research takes advantage of our own cognitive biases in hopes it will resonate.
Nudging...providing a are more gentle and more broad, moving us in a way so that we do not make mistakes but still arrive at the desired response.
Risk Systems...
Analytic Risk System...involves careful consideration of cost and
benefits; often undervaluing future outcomes; less likely to change our
lifestyle.
Feeling Risk System... urgent reaction to danger; usually based on personal experience therefore underestimating things by which we have no experience in.
Feeling Risk System... urgent reaction to danger; usually based on personal experience therefore underestimating things by which we have no experience in.
HESHONG
Thermal Sense...
KWOK & RAJKOVICH
Active Capacity...our ability to adjust and cope with the
system, and possibly have more control over it.
Adaptive Opportunity...our ability to make adjustments
· mesocomfort
zone is a term coined by Kwok and Rajkovich to represent the area between the "optimum"
conditions of the static zone and the boundary where our bodies begin to respond involuntarily and
physiologically to thermal conditions.
Responses to Climate Change...
Adaptive ...regarding our
adjusting to the impacts of a warming world through enhancing our ecosystem's
resilience
Mitigative...regarding efforts toward reducing the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere
Thermal Comfort Models...
· static
model...uses data from climate
chamber studies to support its theory (from Fanger)
· adaptive
model...uses data from the field
studies of people in buildings (derived from work of Humphries and Nicol, Dear
and Brager)
LANG I-Anthropometrics and Erganomics
Anthropometrics
is the study of human dimensions, capabilities, and limitations.
Ergonomics is the study of the relationship
between people and machines.
LANG II-Cognitive Mapping
Gestalt Laws of Visual Organization...
Highly Imageable Cities...cities that are seen as well structured; include paths, edges, districts, nodes and landmarks.
Districts...
Edges...
Landmarks...
Nodes...
Paths...
MONAGHAN
Authoritarian Environments...e.g. Chuck E. Cheese
Cultural
Geography...the
study of how societies use and are shaped by spaces and places.
Piaget Approach...
Social Reproduction...the handing on, with
modifications, of social practices and institutions, and these experts wonder
what of value children will be able to hand onto future generations given the
changing landscape of home and how we live, what is happening in these neighborhoods,
changes in parental roles in a child's life, and how children are subsequently being
encouraged to play in their environments.
Spatial Cognition/Mapping Ability ...seen as a combination of physical , psychological, social and cultural processes
OWEN
PANERO & ZELNIK
Anthropometry...the science dealing with the measurement of the human body to determine differences in individuals, groups, etc.; Factors to consider when measuring the body; age, gender, race, occupation, cultural background and ethnicity, socioeconomics (e.g. nutrition availability)
Frequency Histrogram...shows that the data is somewhat predictable, with the highest percentages(the so-called "average" measurement) compiled in the center column resembling a bell shape. The extremes on each end are dropped.
PROSHANSKY, FABIAN & KAMINOFF
Personalization...how we make our space our own.
Place-Identity...a sub-structure of the
self-identity of the person consisting of…cognitions about the physical world
in which the individual lives; represents how what we know about our environment, (often
times a subconscious perception) and where we come from influences who we are
as people, and the means by which this occurs.
Proxemics...study of people in space.
Territoriality...human need to lay claim to space.
TONKISS
· Aural Postcards...a term for what Walter
Benjamin created for us in his writings where he referenced the sounds of his
travels in his storytelling, creating landmarks and memories of where he had
been or what may no longer be there.
Benjamin believes that hearing may be the sense of memory.
ULRICH
WEBER
Anthropometrics...the measurements of the human body and its physical characteristics.
Ergonomics...relationship between the human body and the built environment.
Human Engineering...efforts made to design equipment that would be more suitable for human use.
JPATS...Joint Primary Aircraft Training System
Universal Design Theory...encourages flexibility in accommodating people of varying body type
WHITEHEAD
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